Change is a strategic necessity for organizations. We explore types of change including proactive, reactive, active, passive, evolutionary, and revolutionary. Resistance to change is natural but can be reduced through participation, communication, training, and negotiation. Global competition emphasizes knowledge and technology, while the human factor—curiosity, innovation, and education—drives sustainable success. This lecture supports learners preparing for PhD programs, science exams, doctoral qualification, associate professorship exams, and MBA preparation.

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Reference Used: Koçel, Tamer (2018). İşletme Yöneticiliği. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım.

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