Management is not only a necessity of modern enterprises but also a fundamental need of humanity’s earliest communities. From primitive tribes to great empires, every society required a system of management to ensure internal and external security. With the Industrial Revolution, management became a scientific discipline, shaped by Taylor’s Scientific Management. Later, postmodernism emphasized human-centered approaches, chaos and complexity theories, and interdisciplinary contributions. Today, management continues to evolve, adapting to environmental changes and combining quantitative and qualitative methods of knowledge production.

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📚 Reference Used: Koçel, Tamer (2018). İşletme Yöneticiliği. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım.

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